SOVA Blog

An App to Consider: Medisafe

July 19, 2019 in LINKS

It can be hard to stick to a schedule. Things change and happen everyday and can throw everything off. It can be even harder to remember to stick to a schedule if you’re feeling overwhelmed, unwell, or depressed, making you likely to forget the more minor things in your schedule.

drug-icon-2316244_1280One of those more minor items in your schedule can be remembering to take medication, especially if you need to take them at a certain time in the day. Nearly half of Americans are taking at least one prescription drug, and 12.7% of people over 12 years old are on antidepressants, a number which has increased over the past 20 years. Researchers have also found that young people who take medication are most likely to take something for asthma, ADHD, and antibiotics

That’s where Medisafe comes in. Medisafe is an app created to help you maintain your medication adherence (a.k.a. making sure you stay committed to taking your medication on a consistent schedule). Not only does it have you enter all the medications you’re taking (and lets you choose what the medicine looks like), but you can enter how much of the medication you have so it can remind you when you’re running low, and it also has you add the time of day you should be taking it so it can send you a notification to remind you. The app has a wide database of medications, so it can also warn you if you shouldn’t be taking two medications together, lets you know what you shouldn’t be taking while on this medication (such as alcohol), and gives you notes like if you should be taking that medication with food.

The app of course isn’t limited for those taking antidepressants, but it can be particularly useful if you’re on them during those moments when doing even bell-1096280_1280the simplest task can seem impossible. If you’re experiencing a depressive episode, you may not have the energy to take your antidepressants, and can find that ignoring the notification from your app is really easy, but Medisafe also has the option to add family members or close ones so that they also receive a notification if you miss a dosage. This can be useful if you’re not feeling well, because these people can provide a support system in reminding you how important it is to take that medication.

If you’re taking medication for anything and find that organization and maintaining a schedule helps clear your mind and makes things easier for you, then Medisafe may be an app that you can incorporate into your daily routine.


Do you take medication? If so, do you find it difficult to remember to take it when you need to?

Is Your Phone Causing You to Grow Horns?

July 18, 2019 in Social Media Guide

The short answer: no.

The longer answer:

You may have seen a recent news story talking about how researchers in Australia noticed that young people might be developing tiny bone-spikes at the back of their head, theorizing it may be due to young people looking down at their phones and tablets frequently. While all of this is skulls-2028285_1280hypothetical, a lot of news websites ran with the story, worrying that smartphones were to blame for horns being the next big physical feature in human evolution. These reports line up with the overall storyline that social media and technology is extremely damaging for youth, affecting them mentally, socially, and now, potentially physically.

But just as quickly as the story spread, those pointing out the flaws with the study were just as quick to respond. The study only looked at those who had been reporting neck pain to the point that they were seeing a chiropractor, so the results can’t be applied to every single human. The kind of analytical work done on the data was apparently also done in a way that lumped all the demographics like age and sex together, so any conclusions they made about these spikes can’t be directly connected to how old someone is.

No, you won't look like you belong in a Fall Out Boy music video.

No, you won’t look like you belong in a Fall Out Boy music video.

The researchers even clarified that they have done no specific research on the relationship between using phones and the phenomenon happening. This means that they have never tested to see if one group using their smartphones for an extended amount of time are more likely to develop these tiny spikes compared to those who don’t.

So based on all the news about the study, yes there might be a bone spur occurring in young people, but the data and research is flawed and thin, and there is no direct link between it and using technology.

Can you experience negative physical effects from looking down at your devices? Definitely – you may have experienced neck pain from looking down all the time (the more your head leans down, the more weight you’re putting onto it and the more you’re straining your neck muscles). Not only can this come from being on your phone frequently, but from things like looking down at your desk to take notes for class or looking down at your laptop to work on an essay. You can also experience neck pain from stress, which may also intensify when you’re looking down at something, whether it be anxiety over a post you made on social media or the essay you’re writing on your laptop.

shttefan-ggZuL3BTSJU-unsplashSo you can still look down at your phone if you’re trying to get a good food pic or shot of the ground for an Instagram story, and it’s still okay to crane your neck down and pretend to be texting someone if you’re trying to avoid an awkward encounter with an acquaintance on the street. But if you notice feeling pain on the back of your neck – whether it be from stress or from constantly looking down – it might help to reconsider how you use your phone and your posture to reduce the pain, but you don’t have to worry about it being the pain that comes with your horns growing in.


Have you seen the stories about phones and horns in young people? What did you think of it?

The Struggle in Finding Treatment for POC

July 17, 2019 in Educate Yourself

olayinka-babalola-ZsuYINlZPcs-unsplashStigma towards mental health and mental illness has always been present, but the way that stigma is expressed and the level of stigma can depend on a variety of things. One of those ways is how stigma can differ among different races: posts here have covered how stigma acts as one of the barriers for people of color to seek treatment, including African-Americans, Asians, and Native Americans, for example.jae-park-0NREfZFVLE8-unsplash

Between the increase in mental health awareness and health literacy (especially among young people, who are more active online and in social justice causes), young people of color may feel more comfortable and open about seeking treatment. The process to not just find a therapist that fits them, but being able to afford one, can be a difficult journey, though.

this is a picture of a person sitting on a couch with his/her hands crossed. You cannot see the person's face.In a field where the majority of practitioners are white – 86% of psychologists are white, which is more than the US population at 62% – it can be hard not just for minority youth to find a therapist representative of their race, but one that can relate to the experience of being a racial minority in general.  While this may not be the case for all minority youth, some may feel hesitant about what their white therapist may think of them or feel like they have to translate their experiences to have their therapist understand exactly why they feel a certain way because their therapist never experienced those things themselves.

There’s also the argument that the way that therapy and mental health treatment is designed in the United States is specifically for white people. There has been a call for more culturally adapted treatments and more options for kinds of treatment: for example, one study saw that Asian-Americans’ brains responded more to problem-solving therapy (PST) compared to more traditional CBT. 

money-2558681_1920Even if minority youth find a therapist that they do like, it can be even more of a struggle once they take cost into account. People of color – African-Americans, Latinx people, and Native Americans in particular – are more likely to be at or below the poverty level (and significantly more likely in some states) in comparison to white people. People of color also have lower insurance coverage rates and have lower-tier levels of insurance that can make affording mental health treatment even more costly.

nesa-by-makers-7d4LREDSPyQ-unsplashSo what can be done to help people of color, minority youth specifically, get the treatment that they feel fits them the best at rates that they can afford? At the very least, young people of color becoming more vocal about their mental health could lead to an increase in those wanting to study psychology and enter the mental health field, thus diversifying the field. While that may seem like that’s farther down the line, it’s still a sign that things are changing.


If you identify as a POC, have you ever tried to seek treatment? What sorts of things do you look for when finding a therapist? What issues have you run into?

Self-Deprecating Humor

July 16, 2019 in Educate Yourself

There are many ways that you can be funny. Maybe you have a preference for puns (or you might think they’re a pun-ishment), or you may think that having a monotone, dry sense of humor is the way to go. 

You may have heard of self-deprecating humor before too. It shows up all the time on sitcoms and stand-up specials, and you may have even used it yourself. The best way to describe self-deprecating humor is by watching Chandler from Friends. While he makes sarcastic, sometimes subtly mean comments towards others, he mostly directs them towards himself


Self-deprecating humor is a form of self-awareness, but the person using that humor only points out what they think are negative things or things they don’t like about themselves, but says it aloud in a funny, joking way. You can joke about something you don’t like about yourself physically, something about your personality, or it can even be as straightforward as sarcastically saying something like, “Anyone else in this room hate themselves too?”

Using self-deprecating humor isn’t new, but log onto websites like twitter and tumblr and it can feel like those types of jokes are everywhere (think of any meme with a trash can and people referring to it as their home, for example). Not only does social media allow us to make self-deprecating posts, but liking and retweeting them allows us to participate in self-deprecating humor on a larger, public platform.

 


 

 

But how does self-deprecating humor impact your mental health? A lot of self-deprecating tweets and memes are often associated with mental illness with jokes like feeling dead inside, one’s depression and anxiety telling you two different things, wanting to die, and blaming yourself for all the bad things that have happened to your life. 

tumblr_oxvxnkyzm41vqc713o1_400Some research has shown results that having self-defeating humor can help in some aspects, like processing anger, and may improve psychological well-being and sociability. Seeing these memes may make whoever retweets or see them feel like they’re not alone and that thousands of other people feel the same way they do. The jokes about mental health can be a way of relating to others, and also is a way of you showing vulnerability and transparency about your mental health.

Most research has shown that being this openly negative about yourself – even if done in a humorous way – has a detrimental effect on your mental desperate-2676556_960_720health and can negatively affect your professional success, however. Some people may view one using this humor as “pathetic” and having a negative presence, and saying pessimistic things about yourself out loud gives you more ammo against yourself: and you’re not just kicking yourself while you’re down internally, but externally too. While self-defeating humor is used a way of lowering expectations for others and yourself, it can also set you up for failure, because you’re openly saying that you don’t think you’re doing a great job at something and almost expecting the bad things to happen instead.

So while the memes can be funny and relatable, they can ultimately just feel sad. It could be a way of coping, but if you use it all the time, it can also act as a barrier from talking to other people because they only see the negative parts of you. Ultimately, everyone’s sense of humor is different, but when it gets to the point that everything about it is negative, it can affect not just those around you, but your own well-being and perception of yourself too.


Do you use self-deprecating humor? What do you think about people making jokes about themselves?

An App to Consider: MoodTools

July 12, 2019 in LINKS

toolbox-152140_1280Disclaimer: Apps should never be used as a substitute or alternative for professional treatment and/or therapy. 

Created back in 2015, MoodTools is a more well-known app to help users log and get a better understanding of their moods and emotions throughout the day. It acts as a sort of toolbox for things you can use depending on how your mood is that day.

The interface is simple with several activities involved. The app has you take the PHQ-9 (the questionnaire used by professionals to determine if one has depression and the severity of it), and has

you take it whenever you want to or can as a way to ‘check in.’ Everything else incorporates elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): a thought diary lets you record your thoughts about events that have stuck with you that day, noting

not just the situation, but the negative thoughts that came with it. You can choose the emotions and feelings you felt from a list and the level of distress that it caused you. There are also videos ranging from the educational to the meditative. Another key and important feature of the app is that it includes a safety plan for you to refer to in dangerous situations, including emergency resources if you are in a suicide crisis, warning signs to look out for, coping strategies, and a list of people that are important to you.

What makes MoodTools stand out was that it was created by then-college students. Two psychology undergraduate students built the app because of the lack of options for depression treatment at the time. It shows that young people understand how technology can be used as a method of treatment, making it easier to access. 

MoodTools has been reviewed by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (AADA) and has consistently scored it highly on its effectiveness and usability. While the methods the app uses has a lot of research evidence (since it uses CBT), the app itself has had no research done.

MoodTools is free and is available for both iPhones and Androids


Do you have a place where you log your feelings throughout the day? Would you consider using the app? Do you have any app recommendations? Share your recommendations below!

How Rural Adolescents can Benefit from Social Media

July 11, 2019 in Social Media Guide

ryan-searle-7Ku54ZgKEcs-unsplashTechnology has helped make the world feel more connected, making resources, stories, and information much more accessible. This impact is significant for those who are physically isolated and may feel like they’re in the middle of nowhere. In the past, news and entertainment was extremely limited to things such as televisions, magazines and newspapers, and going out to explore was difficult because there were very few things close by.

Sometimes, it can feel like living in small towns or rural areas can be kind of lonely. The Internet has changed that.

One way that rural adolescents take advantage of social media is through education and connecting with others like them. A project in Australia wanted to do this with rural adolescents with disabilities, giving them the opportunity to learn not just how to take advantage of the Internet and gain skills, but specifically through the social aspect. One goal of the project, for example, was to set up rural adolescents with disabilities with mentors to help them navigate social spaces online.

Although rural adolescents say they learn more from print compared to adolescents who live in urban environments, they have also been reported to say that they learn significantly more from social media too. Using social media as a tool for education can be tricky, but having this option for rural adolescents can help them not just learn as a whole, but specifically look up health information. Living in places with a smaller population may make adolescents feel self-conscious or nervous about who to confide in if something is happening to their mental health. One major trait for those with depression is keeping what they’re going through to themselves because they don’t know who to trust, and living in places with a smaller population may make some afraid that once one person knows, then everyone knows. Social media can help adolescents research safely and privately and even help them read stories by or meet peers who are going through similar experiences.

Health services, mental health ones in particular, can also be harder to come by in rural communities. Social media and communicating with experts online make it easier for adolescents to get the treatment that they need if items such as transportation or even having a place to can be impossible to come by.

Social media has already allowed us to connect and learn more, but the benefits and advantages of it can differ greatly; living in rural communities with access to the Internet and social media is just one example of that.


Do you live in a rural community? Where have you gotten information about mental health from? Where do you prefer getting information: in print or online?

Caffeine’s Effects on Adolescents

July 10, 2019 in Educate Yourself

jorge-franganillo-uTBMw32LIOI-unsplashSometimes, it feels like caffeine is a necessity. It may be that cup of coffee before your class starts at 8AM or that energy drink to help you get through that last leg of your assignment at 2 in the morning. Given the hectic work and school schedules for teenagers and young adults, every source of energy is welcomed to get as many things done in the day as possible.

dj-johnson-YDHpNIj1TgQ-unsplashHaving caffeine as a teenager or young adult is almost the norm, with 3 out of 4 adolescents saying that they drink some sort of caffeine – whether it be soda, tea, coffee, or energy drinks – regularly. It doesn’t help that ads for caffeinated drinks are targeted towards this demographic too: marketing for energy drinks have recently come under fire for how they allegedly target teenagers, and coffee shops continuously introduce trendy and new versions of their drinks to appeal to adolescents, not just through their design, but because of how it’d look on Instagram too.

The problem is, caffeine can have a ton of negative side effects, and these side effects are stronger during your teenage years when you’re still developing (children and youth are considered to be “at-risk populations” for the negative effects of having too much caffeine). These include the obvious, like disrupted sleep patterns, to the dangerous, such as links between high caffeine consumption to using other substances, to the long-term, like heart problems.

The effects of caffeine on adolescents can be taken to another level when considering the effects of mental illness and the pressures that they experience during this age. Of course, there’s also the jitters that come with having too much caffeine, making anxiety symptoms feel like they’re dialed up to 1000. The stress from constant homework assignments and exams (on top of being in clubs and sports, applying for and working at jobs, and maintaining friendships) can pile on and make adolescents feel like they need something to stay awake to utilize all 24 hours in the day, which can make those with anxiety feel that much more anxious to get everything done (and get everything done perfectly too). Those with depression are already vulnerable to having irregular sleep schedules and are less likely to get a good night’s sleep, so they may rely on caffeine to stay awake during the day, but having caffeine too late can make it even harder to sleep. nadine-shaabana-Azvg8wlyIU8-unsplash

So, what’s the solution? Drinking a lot of caffeine can feel like the only answer given adolescents’ overwhelming schedules, but ultimately, it’s up to you to know your own limits. Experts say that it’s okay for late adolescents and young adults to have a moderate amount of caffeine, so you don’t have to cut caffeine out altogether. It shouldn’t be the only thing you feel like you need to rely on for energy, though. 

That cup of coffee or energy drink can may feel like a lifesaver, but that doesn’t mean having one immediately after will be too. At the end of the day, it’s about balance and trusting your body when you feel like you’ve had too much caffeine.


Do you drink caffeine? Do you consider it to be a necessity? Have you noticed how it affects you, particularly on your anxiety or depression?

“People like to be around people who are happy”

July 9, 2019 in Educate Yourself

Today’s post is a featured guest entry from a medical student recalling her experiences with introversion, mental health, and sadness and how she has coped with her situation.


nathan-dumlao-qDbnNDF2jZ4-unsplash“People like to be around people who are happy.”

For months, I had been experiencing periods of intense sadness. Changes in my environment had surrounded me with people who I began compulsively comparing myself to – people who were smarter, funnier, more sociable, more thoughtful, more confident, more knowledgeable about the world than I was. It was regularly triggering flashbacks of my failures in life, pushing me deeper and deeper into despair until thoughts of my worthlessness became my obsession. During these episodes, I stare into space, stone-cold expression, puffy panda eyes balancing precariously on the verge of tears. My responses to people were in as few words as I could possibly make it. Someone told me I looked “REALLY tired.”

With these episodes happening with the frequency they did, I couldn’t escape the interrogation of my husband. He would ask me what’s wrong, and I would go many minutes without a response. The silences, he told me later, were agonizing. He would conjure a thousand questions in his head, frustratingly unanswered, wondering if he should walk away and allow me to muster in my own anger and depression. I wanted anything but – thought after thought after thought after thought swimming around in my head, fighting to make their way to my lips, knowing I need this release, and wanting to relieve my husband of his visible frustration with talking to a piece of dead plank, but not knowing the best words with which to do so. I was deeply ashamed of my thoughts and could not get myself to face them.

And so, on this went. One month goes by. Two. Half a year. Hence, his reply to me when we were being silly at home. “You are so fun to be around when you’re happy.”

“Yeah?” I say, laughing.

“Yeah. People like to be around happy people.”

People like to be around happy people. The reality of it hit me like a poison dart.bethany-szentesi-GE43_0fqwQs-unsplash

His words were true. Lately I had been so consumed with my feelings of depression and social anxiety that people did not want to be around me, so it seemed. Like the character Sadness in Disney Pixar’s Inside Out, everything and everyone I touched turn blue.

One recent weekend, I was put into a situation that reopened my wounds. The introvert among the sea of extroverts. The lone awkward turtle overshadowed by the looming social butterflies. I got stuck on my self-deprecating thoughts, fabricating messages coming from “Joys” cautiously tiptoeing around me that asked me to feign happiness or else stay confined in my little circle of Sadness, and a torrential downpour of sad memories came flooding in. After so many insults to my soul, something eventually has to give.

aaron-burden-o--lefJNe0w-unsplashIn my darkest hour, He prays…

It was at this hour, one among the following 24 hours of obsessively ruminating over the day’s events, that I was reminded – Jesus was a Man of sorrows.

He grew up in a nowhere town, Nazareth, and became a carpenter – like a farmer kid born and raised in some rural state in the West, who went to some no-name college and picked up an unglorifying job. When he did awesome deeds, he wouldn’t stay in the crowds but would retreat to the mountains. He had a tiny group of disciples, one who betrayed Him. He was mocked, spat on. He feared for His life, asking the Father to take this cup away from Him. People thought He was arrogant and a liar, but He never justified Himself. He was tortured for crimes he did not commit. He wept.

"Crying helps me slow down and obsess over the weight of life's problems." -Sadness

“Crying helps me slow down and obsess over the weight of life’s problems.” -Sadness

Jesus had a lot of life’s problems to obsess over.

In an article on introversion, extroversion, and shyness, Jessie Sun, a researcher of personality at UC Davis, states, “Personality is consistently one of the strongest predictors of happiness and extroversion has especially strong relationships with well-being…People who are extroverted tend to experience more feelings of excitement, enthusiasm and joy, whereas people who are introverted tend to experience those feelings less often.” In other words, extroverts are more likely than introverts to have a healthy mental well-being and are more likely to succeed in life.

I bet Jesus was an introvert. It was clear He wasn’t favored by society, nor did He succeed in it. Jesus was sad, and frequently too. This human life of Jesus is what makes Him so real. This is what makes him able to be touched by the feelings of our weaknesses. Yes, sadness can be incredibly painful, but it is in the deepest trenches of our loneliness, the quiet echoes of seclusion, the darkest hours in which we retreat to the secret places in our soul and our spirit, that God appears. Our God is a God who hides Himself, and He reveals His heart’s deepest desires to those who meet Him here alone. Without sadness, when would we seek the secret places? Without sadness, who would my God be to me today? Deep calls unto deep. Only a call from the depths can provoke a response from the depths.

I have been shadowing a psychiatrist at an intensive outpatient clinic, which offers high level of care to adolescents too sick to meet with a psychiatrist on an outpatient basis, yet not sick enough to require hospitalization. I was sitting in on a therapy group where the topic was mindfulness.

“Can someone tell me what mindfulness is?” The therapist asks.

Mindfulness is where you stay in the present. Like, you don’t keep thinking about what happened in the past or keep worrying about what’s gonna be in the future. It’s like, you only focus on the present and what’s happening now.”

“And you also have to be non-judgmental.”

leon-contreras-69BlmJ1m5Do-unsplash“Excellent. That’s the most important key. You have all these intrusive thoughts coming into your head, and the most important thing is to not judge them. These thoughts come and go, and everyone has them. But they are just thoughts. We don’t think if they are good or bad. They just are. The more we judge them, the more power we give to them.”

In these long deadly silences during my episodes of sadness, when my husband and I are attempting this seemingly near futile effort to communicate, I finally stop judging my thoughts and detach my identity from them for long enough to utter the dark words of my mind. These are thoughts that expose how selfish I am, how jealous, how arrogant, how hateful, how afraid. For these precious seconds that I open my mouth to release, they are just thoughts. Not good or bad, they just are.

My husband, going through his own experiences of transformation, is emptied, open, ready to receive. And in these moments of release, with the covering of our love for one another headed up in Christ, healing weaves its way through my tormented soul, causing the roots of our marriage to sink a little deeper into the ground, unseen. Then when the rain descends, and the rivers come, and the winds blow, it does not fall.


Have you ever experienced long periods of sadness? What kinds of thoughts do you experience? What coping mechanisms have you used to tackle these thoughts?

Using Weighted Blankets to Stay Calm

July 8, 2019 in Be Positive

anti-stress-ball-2472621_1920It feels that there are a ton of products available recently to help your mental health, particularly with calming anxiety. Some use essential oils, or you may have heard of light lamps, and of course, the classic stress relief ball

Weighted blankets have started to become more popular recently. These products are a level up if you’re the type of person who finds comfort in burying yourself under the covers as a coping mechanism to calm down: they’re heavier versions of regular blankets ranging from 4 to 30 pounds specifically designed to help those with disorders just as anxiety, autism, and insomnia, with physicians recommending getting one that’s 10% of your body weight. The weight is evenly distributed and is meant to help “ground” the user – not in a way that traps them – but provides some sort of stability as they relax or sleep.

mikhail-vasilyev-NodtnCsLdTE-unsplashThe benefits of weighted blankets are mostly from people sharing anecdotes, or their personal stories about it, but some researchers have found that using a weighted blanket shows an increase in activity in people’s parasympathetic system (or the part of the nervous system that your body uses to rest and stay calm). Others have found that 78% of participants in their study preferred a weighted blankets as a calming mechanism and 63% reported lower anxiety. Users who have shared their experiences with weighted blankets include not just those experiencing anxiety, but PTSD as well, stating that it serves as a distraction for their brain.

exclamation-point-2427335_1920What’s important to keep in mind is that there hasn’t been as much research on the product and you should not use this if you have conditions such as sleep apnea or other sleep disorders, respiratory and/or circulation problems, or have a chronic health condition. Because of the weight and the material, weighted blankets can have a tendency to get too hot too, which may not be the best option during the summertime. It’s also not a cure-all: weighted blankets shouldn’t be used everyday nor as a substitute for therapy or medication.

If you have trouble sleeping at night due to anxiety or because of depression, need help coping help with anxiety or panic attacks, or just need something to help keep you calm when things get too overwhelming however, using a weighted blanket may be an option to consider.


Have you ever used a weighted blanket? How do you think they would be different than regular blankets? What other mechanisms have you used to relax and keep calm when you’re feeling overwhelmed?

Understanding the Teenage Brain

July 5, 2019 in LINKS

Mental health, as the name suggests, is our health mentally, which is to say, has to do with our brain. And just like our bodies, our brains are constantly changing and growing, particularly in childhood and adolescence.

emoticons-150528_1280You probably know that puberty, in short, kinda sucks. Everything feels strange, you’re getting acne and hair in weird places, and the awkward phase is in full swing. And then there are the mood swings, wanting to stay up later, and that need to feel seen as your own person and come across as independent.

The brain doesn’t stop fully developing until your mid-twenties, and even though anyone is vulnerable to mental illness at any point, researchers are finding that the adolescent brain may have a stronger link

While the videos below don’t specifically talk about the link between adolescent brain development and mental health, they’re still worth watching to learn more about just exactly why your brain works the way it does, may help you understand why you feel certain things at certain times, and can help explain how the extreme emotions you feel may lead to the stronger

effects of mental illness.

SciShow (by Hank Green of vlogbrothers fame) breaks down different aspects of puberty and what part of our brain and the chemicals involved makes us react the way we do, especially when it comes to the angstier parts. It’s straightforward and he makes a complicated time a lot easier to understand.

Teen Mental Health, an organization meant to educate teenagers about their mental health takes a more creative approach and makes you feel like you’re in a sci-fi movie and receiving a software update with your teenage brain. It talks about just how powerful brain is and how entering puberty is just the next step in making it even stronger.


What do you know about the teenage brain? Why do you think teenagers and adolescents are more vulnerable to both the positive and negative effects of mental health?